As physical exercise strengthens the body, many assume mental workouts do the same for the brain. However, the science is more nuanced, and the $2 billion cognitive training industry lacks robust evidence for broad benefits.
Overall, while brain training may offer cognitive gains within the app itself, these often don't transfer to everyday tasks. Individuals with brain injuries might see improvements, but for most people, memory games won't speed up finding lost keys.
Neuroscientists have scrutinized these apps since their rise, with many platforms developed by experts in the field. Yet, the research consensus leans skeptical.
In a 2017 study, 128 healthy young adults trained with brain games, regular video games, or nothing. The brain training group excelled only on app-specific tasks, matching others on broader cognitive tests.
A 2016 review of key studies, including those cited by proponents, found insufficient evidence for measurable benefits beyond near-transfer tasks—those closely resembling the training.
Dozens of similar studies echo this: improvements are task-specific. Supportive research often targets dementia patients, brain injury cases, or lacks independence and rigorous design.
Among dozens of apps, here are five popular ones, evaluated by available science.
The most studied app shows users improve on similar tasks, with some near-transfer to core skills like memory. Effects are modest, leaving researchers cautious.
No independent studies test it specifically. The website cites partnerships and general research but offers no guarantees for its program.
This in-person program funds peer-reviewed studies showing strong results, but many involve affiliated researchers. Independent validation is needed.
Among the best-supported, multiple high-quality studies show gains in processing speed and memory—though not broad cognition. The site may overstate findings slightly.
Only company-commissioned, non-peer-reviewed evidence exists. Without independent studies, it won't transform you into a genius.
The good news: No pricey apps required. Learn new skills, stay physically active, and prioritize health to keep your brain sharp and adaptable. Puzzle apps are fun and stimulating but no magic solution.
